Spinecare Topics

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Surgical Interventions
Surgical Interventions

Spinal Fusion

Spinal fusion refers to a surgical technique, which is used to permanently immobilize adjacent vertebra so that motion can no longer occur between them.  It is used to create a solid union between adjacent vertebrae.  Spine fusion is used to treat a variety of different conditions including spinal instability, fractures, infections, tumors and spinal deformities such as severe scoliosis.  There are many methods that can be used to fuse a segment of the spine.  These methods include bone from a bone bank, bone from the individual’s body, wires, screws, metal cages, or plates.

Spinal fusion is usually performed utilizing a bone graft and/or metallic instrumentation to fix one or more spinal segments.  Most fusion procedures involve placement of a bone graft between vertebrae.  Bone removed from the patient is referred to as an autograft, whereas bone used from a bone bank is referred to as an allograft.  New material and bone substitutes are being used to strengthen the fusion and to reduce surgical recovery time.  To perform a fusion the disc is usually removed from the level to be fused. 

There are many indications for performing a surgical fusion, which include stabilization of a fractured vertebra, correction of a severe deformity, reduction of pain from a spinal segment where there is abnormal or excessive movement, and to stabilize a spinal segment where there may have been an aggressive discectomy and/or wide laminectomy leading to potential instability

Spondylolisthesis may also be an indication for spinal fusion. This is a condition characterized by one vertebra slipping forward upon another.  Spondylolisthesis may be associated with vertebral instability, intractable pain and/or neurological symptoms.

There are number of surgical approaches which can be used to fuse the spine.  The spine may be approached from the front, back, or from the side in order to cure a successful fusion.  The ultimate goal of fusion is to obtain complete immobilization with solid union of two or more vertebrae.  Occasionally supplemental hardware will be utilized in order to stabilize the segment further while allowing the bone graft in order to solidify.  Additional hardware may include plate screw or cages.  There is promising research being done to develop synthetic bone, which will adhere to vertebral bodies.  New techniques will be developed to better select and prepare autografts or allografts.  It is likely that in the near future, that synthetic bone substitutes will eventually replace normal bone grafts.

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To learn more about your spine. spinehealth, and available spinecare go to the International Spine Assocition (ISA) at www.spineinformation.org. The primary mission of the ISA is to improve spinehealth and spinecare through education. The ISA is committed to disseminating need-to-know information throught the World Wide Web in numerous languages covering many topics related to the spine, including information about spine disorders, spine heath, advances in technology and available spinecare



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